In this regard, Australia is not different from any other country. You need to search for furnished apartments, hotels or Airbnb. 

finding a permenant or semi permenant place to rent outside of the expensive (airbnb and the likes) options is really challenging. The process involves going to Inspections which are 95% done on Saturdays only. which means it might take you sometime to get a place. and when applying for a rent, you fill in an application which might require you to have previous history in renting in the country. along with some paperwork and of course your local bank statement.

choosing a suburb also can be challenging but not the main issue here. you should familiarize yourself with the prices and set your expetations by going into domain.com.au or realestate.com.au .

you might get really lucky and find someone going overseas and needs someone to take over their place. Try asking in facebook groups (ex. : Land down under)